Annotated Bibliography
Architectural Styles. (n.d.). Retrieved March 5, 2015, from http://www.preservation.lacity.org/files/Chapter 6 Part I.pdf
This website is a branch of the official Los Angeles city website, and it provides detailed and accurate information on the architectural styles and movements that took place during Los Angeles’ history. The information found in this source mainly included historical information and details on the characteristics of notable architectural styles, such as the Arts and Crafts movement, international style, and contemporary style. Since this source is official and credible, it provides a significant amount of high quality information regarding the L.A.’s architecture.
Baugh, R. E. (1942). Site of Early Los Angeles. Economic Geography Vol 18, No. 1, 87-96.
This source comes from an academic journal and discusses the conception of the City of Los Angeles beginning with the settlement of the Spanish. It discusses why and how the city was founded and why the initial plans of the city came to be - the Spanish Law of the Indies. This source discusses the founding, the mapping of the city, and the initial planning of the city.
Blackford, M. (1993). The Lost Dream: Businessmen and City Planning on the Pacific Coast, 1890-1920. Columbus: Ohio
State University Press.
This is a secondary source that discusses Pacific Coast cities and how businessmen had a hand in planning the different cities. This talks about city planning but in regards to the role businessmen had in the effort - as businessmen and business organizations were involved in planning and were active in the progressive movements in their cities. This source discusses city planning in Los Angeles starting from 1915 and discusses the Robinson Plan, Zoning, and the California Harbor history.
Crouch, D. P., & Mundigo, A. I. (1977). The City Planning Ordinances of the Laws of the Indies Revisited: Part II: Three
American Cities. Town Planning Review, 48(4), 397.
This source comes from an academic journal and discusses Spanish planning practices both in Spain and in the Americas. It discussed the Law of the Indies which influenced the plans of Santa Fe, St. Louis, and Los Angeles. This provided insight on how the physical form of Los Angeles came to be, based on the mandated regulations that the Law of the Indies imposed on the planners of Los Angeles and Governor De Neve.
Department of City Planning. (n.d.). Retrieved February 9, 2015, from http://cityplanning.lacity.org/
This source is a subsection of the official Los Angeles city website and, like its name suggests, it deals with city planning and land use for the city of Los Angeles. It contains news about current planning policies/initiatives or relevant events, but more importantly it holds key information about the general plan of Los Angeles, new community plans, ordinances, zoning, historic preservation, and more. Because of the fact that this is an official website, it serves as an important wealth of knowledge for one who is looking to gain knowledge on the city plan for Los Angeles.
Designing the Civic Center and the Sprawling 20's. (2011, October 22). Retrieved February 28, 2015, from
https://laplanninghistory.wordpress.com/1913-1941/
This is a website and secondary source that describes the history of the planning in Los Angeles. It is written by an established city planner along with two graduate students, and describes an overview of planning of Los Angeles. The source discusses planning and major infrastructure construction in Los Angeles and divides up the history into tabs that span around two decades each. The source discusses major players and influencers of the city planning as well.
Ewing, R. (1997). Is Los Angeles-Style Sprawl Desirable? Journal of American Planning Association, 63(1). Retrieved from
http://www.arch.utah.edu/cgi-bin/wordpress-metroresearch/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Most Cited Articles/is
sprawl desirable.pdf
This article gives a thorough definition of sprawl and examines the causes and characteristics of sprawl in the urban city. The text goes on to discuss related costs/consequences, which includes; vehicle miles travelled, high energy consumption and pollution, increased public service costs, and so on. The last bit of the article offers a solution to city sprawl. This source helps establish a perspective on the sprawl found in Los Angeles and identify the characteristics and consequences associated with it.
Executive Summary: Climate La Municipal Program Implementing the GreenLA Action Plan. (2008). Retrieved February 20, 2015, from http://environmentla.org/pdf/ClimateLA_v5.pdf
This primary source document provides information about the environment in Los Angeles and adjustments the city have to make in order for it to become a greener place. The source also talks about many strategies and plans that enforces many participation from the population for the program to be implemented.
Fogelson, R. (1993). The Fragmented Metropolis Los Angeles, 1850-1930. Berkeley: University of California Press.
This book is a secondary source that discusses the history of Los angeles from it’s beginnings to its emergence of a metropolis. It discusses the change from a small agricultural village to a large city and discusses the changes that had to be made to accommodate the massive population growth. This source was utilized to obtain information about its founding as well as informaiton about the urban landscape and about city and regional planning.
Gebhard, D., & Winter, R. (2003). An architectural guidebook to Los Angeles (Rev. ed., pp.11-38).Salt Lake City: Gibbs
Smith.
This text offers an in – depth look at Los Angeles’ architectural scene. The author first gives a relatively brief historical background of Los Angeles architecture and lists various architecture movements that have taken place, such as the Arts and Crafts movement. The body of the book primarily discusses the features of specific notable architectural buildings in various cities and areas in Los Angeles. Although this book mostly focuses on specific buildings, it is quite helpful in identifying and describing the architecture styles found in Los Angeles, and it also gives solid information about LA’s historical preservation.
History of the Los Angeles River. (n.d.). Retrieved February 28, 2015, from
http://ladpw.org/wmd/watershed/LA/History.cfm
This source is from the website of the Department of Public Works and is a secondary source. It discusses the history of the Los Angeles river. It discusses how the river was a driving factor in establishing Los Angeles in that area and how it provided water support for the city. It also discusses the problems with the flooding and the damage that resulted and how the river was channelized by the Army Corps of Engineers to prevent further flood damage.
L.A. Riots: Rebuild L.A.'s Ambitious Attempts To Revive The City. (n.d.). Retrieved February 17, 2015, from
http://www.neontommy.com/news/2012/04/la-riots-rebuild-las-ambitious-attempts-revive-neighborhood
This website article is a secondary source that discusses the damage that the LA Riots caused to the structure of Los Angeles in 1992. It also discusses the “Rebuild LA” initiative that sought to rebuild businesses that were destroyed. The program provided jobs and started the rebuilding process.
LA Sewers. (n.d.). Retrieved February 26, 2015, from http://www.lasewers.org/treatment_plants/hyperion/
This is a legitimate city website that provides information on waste management and sanitation systems for Los Angeles. It gives an overview on the sewer system in L.A. and also provides the Sewer System Management Plan, which was developed in compliance with the statewide General Waste Discharge Requirements. There is also information on private sewer & septic systems and treatment plants. Since this site is affiliated with the official city website, it is a high quality source of information regarding Los Angeles’ waste management.
Laws That Shaped L.A.: Why Los Angeles Isn't a Beach Town. (n.d.). Retrieved February 24, 2015, from
http://www.kcet.org/socal/departures/columns/laws-that-shaped-la/the-laws-that-shaped-la-laws-of-the-indies.html
This is a secondary source that describes the Law of the Indies and its influence on the design and placement of Los Angeles. It talks about the Law’s origins and how it was the first urban planning manual to reach the Americas. This source reveals why the city was not established near the pacific coast, as the Law of the Indies prohibited cities to be established too close to the ocean. It also describes how the grid of the city is changed to straighten out the streets - which is apparent in the tilted streets of the current city.
Los Angeles (Calif.). Dept. of City Planning. Administrative Services Division. (1964). City Planning in Los Angeles: A
History. Dept. of City Planning, Administrative Services Division.
This source secondary source that discusses the history of planning in Los Angeles. This is provided by the Los Angeles Department of City Planning and discusses in great detail the beginning of planning and the planning thereafter up until the 1960’s. It discusses policies and plans to expand Los Angeles, as well as plans to accommodate population growth and evaluates the successes and failures of each plan or ordinance. It is a nearly perfect source in describing the history of planning in chronological order.
Mai, R., & Chen, B. (2013). The State of Chinatown Los Angeles. Retrieved February 20, 2015, from
http://www.aasc.ucla.edu/research/pdfs/statect.pdf
This secondary source about Los Angeles City Chinatown, which discusses history, location, demographics, and housing. It talks about the origin of Chinatown with its historical importance about the influx of Asian immigrants and the contribution they made in order to make Chinatown of what it is today.
My Way Or The Highway: Why Mega-Roads Rule The City. (n.d.). Retrieved February 28, 2015, from
http://www.kcet.org/socal/departures/columns/laws-that-shaped-la/my-way-or-the-highway-when-mega-roads-
took-over-the-city.html
This website is a secondary source that discusses the implication of the Collier-Burns Act to address highway congestion in Los Angeles in the mid-20th century. This act allowed Los Angeles to develop a Master Plan of Highways in 1948 and placed taxes and fees on gas and vehicle registration to fund road construction and maintenance in Los Angeles and throughout California.
Peyton, D. (n.d.). Metro Transportation Library and Archive: History of Transit in Los Angeles. Retrieved March 6, 2015,
from http://www.tiki-toki.com/timeline/entry/49819/Metro-Transportation-Library-and-Archive-History-of-Transit- in-Los- Angeles/#vars!date=1869-07-20_20:37:43!
This secondary source of the history timeline of Los Angeles Transit beginning from 1873 to the present shows the evolution and progress of transit system in the city.
Photos: L.A.'s First Railroads Connected the Region to the Global Economy. (n.d.). Retrieved February 26, 2015, from
http://www.kcet.org/updaily/socal_focus/history/la-as-subject/photos-las-first-railroads.html
This secondary source discusses the conception of Railroads in Los Angeles. This first railroad was the San Pedro Railroad, which connected Los Angeles to the San Pedro Bay. It also discusses when Los Angeles became the a terminal in the transcontinental railroad, thus connecting the city to other cities throughout the United States.
Reyes, E. (2014). L.A. County Population Pushes Past 10 million, Highest in Nation. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February
27, 2015, from http://articles.latimes.com/2014/mar/27/local/la-me-ln-la-county-population-10-million-20140327
The source provided an information about the current population in Los Angeles to show that the city is overcrowding, which is one of the main reason of pollution.
Sloane, D. (2012). Planning Los Angeles. Chicago: American Planning Association.
This book is a secondary source that discusses the planning of Los Angeles from it’s history to the present. It also discusses the demographics of Los Angeles, land-use and environmental policies, and the economic development of the city. The source discusses the various planning initiatives, policies, and ordinances that have shaped the city to what it has become today.
Sorensen, P., & Transportation, S. (2008). Moving Los Angeles Short-term Policy Options for Improving Transportation:
[summary]. Santa Monica, CA: RAND.U.S. Census 2010
This source discusses different modes of transportation in Los Angeles and its contribution to traffic congestion. The source is an academic book consists of advice, strategies, and plan to reduce traffic congestion in Los Angeles.
State of the Air: American Lung Association. (2013). Retrieved February 27, 2015, from
http://www.stateoftheair.org/2013/assets/ala-sota-2013.pdf
This primary source provides information about Los Angeles pollution. It is the highest and most polluted area in the United States for many years.
The Settlement of Los Angeles. (n.d.). Retrieved February 25, 2015, from http://www.laalmanac.com/history/hi03b.htm
This secondary source provides a history of the founding of Los Angeles and the beginnings of planning the city. It gives a history of why the city was established and the goals of the Spanish Governor of California, Felipe de Neve. It discusses the importance of the river, and the topography of the area of the pueblo.
The Street Railway History of Los Angeles. (n.d.). Retrieved February 26, 2015, from http://www.erha.org/railwayhis.htm
This secondary source discusses the history of the Street Railway in Los Angeles. It discusses the progression of establishing a railway and the policies that went along with it. The source talks about the different ordinances that established the railway and also talked about the various railway lines throughout the city.
Toy, M. (1994). Los Angeles. London: Acad. Ed. u.a.
This is a text that examines the social and planning history of Los Angeles and analyzes specific buildings and constructions throughout LA. The author groups these buildings into categories such as cultural centers, transport, mixed use development, private residences, etc. There are many entries in this book and they are all accompanied by colored high quality pictures.
Architectural Styles. (n.d.). Retrieved March 5, 2015, from http://www.preservation.lacity.org/files/Chapter 6 Part I.pdf
This website is a branch of the official Los Angeles city website, and it provides detailed and accurate information on the architectural styles and movements that took place during Los Angeles’ history. The information found in this source mainly included historical information and details on the characteristics of notable architectural styles, such as the Arts and Crafts movement, international style, and contemporary style. Since this source is official and credible, it provides a significant amount of high quality information regarding the L.A.’s architecture.
Baugh, R. E. (1942). Site of Early Los Angeles. Economic Geography Vol 18, No. 1, 87-96.
This source comes from an academic journal and discusses the conception of the City of Los Angeles beginning with the settlement of the Spanish. It discusses why and how the city was founded and why the initial plans of the city came to be - the Spanish Law of the Indies. This source discusses the founding, the mapping of the city, and the initial planning of the city.
Blackford, M. (1993). The Lost Dream: Businessmen and City Planning on the Pacific Coast, 1890-1920. Columbus: Ohio
State University Press.
This is a secondary source that discusses Pacific Coast cities and how businessmen had a hand in planning the different cities. This talks about city planning but in regards to the role businessmen had in the effort - as businessmen and business organizations were involved in planning and were active in the progressive movements in their cities. This source discusses city planning in Los Angeles starting from 1915 and discusses the Robinson Plan, Zoning, and the California Harbor history.
Crouch, D. P., & Mundigo, A. I. (1977). The City Planning Ordinances of the Laws of the Indies Revisited: Part II: Three
American Cities. Town Planning Review, 48(4), 397.
This source comes from an academic journal and discusses Spanish planning practices both in Spain and in the Americas. It discussed the Law of the Indies which influenced the plans of Santa Fe, St. Louis, and Los Angeles. This provided insight on how the physical form of Los Angeles came to be, based on the mandated regulations that the Law of the Indies imposed on the planners of Los Angeles and Governor De Neve.
Department of City Planning. (n.d.). Retrieved February 9, 2015, from http://cityplanning.lacity.org/
This source is a subsection of the official Los Angeles city website and, like its name suggests, it deals with city planning and land use for the city of Los Angeles. It contains news about current planning policies/initiatives or relevant events, but more importantly it holds key information about the general plan of Los Angeles, new community plans, ordinances, zoning, historic preservation, and more. Because of the fact that this is an official website, it serves as an important wealth of knowledge for one who is looking to gain knowledge on the city plan for Los Angeles.
Designing the Civic Center and the Sprawling 20's. (2011, October 22). Retrieved February 28, 2015, from
https://laplanninghistory.wordpress.com/1913-1941/
This is a website and secondary source that describes the history of the planning in Los Angeles. It is written by an established city planner along with two graduate students, and describes an overview of planning of Los Angeles. The source discusses planning and major infrastructure construction in Los Angeles and divides up the history into tabs that span around two decades each. The source discusses major players and influencers of the city planning as well.
Ewing, R. (1997). Is Los Angeles-Style Sprawl Desirable? Journal of American Planning Association, 63(1). Retrieved from
http://www.arch.utah.edu/cgi-bin/wordpress-metroresearch/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Most Cited Articles/is
sprawl desirable.pdf
This article gives a thorough definition of sprawl and examines the causes and characteristics of sprawl in the urban city. The text goes on to discuss related costs/consequences, which includes; vehicle miles travelled, high energy consumption and pollution, increased public service costs, and so on. The last bit of the article offers a solution to city sprawl. This source helps establish a perspective on the sprawl found in Los Angeles and identify the characteristics and consequences associated with it.
Executive Summary: Climate La Municipal Program Implementing the GreenLA Action Plan. (2008). Retrieved February 20, 2015, from http://environmentla.org/pdf/ClimateLA_v5.pdf
This primary source document provides information about the environment in Los Angeles and adjustments the city have to make in order for it to become a greener place. The source also talks about many strategies and plans that enforces many participation from the population for the program to be implemented.
Fogelson, R. (1993). The Fragmented Metropolis Los Angeles, 1850-1930. Berkeley: University of California Press.
This book is a secondary source that discusses the history of Los angeles from it’s beginnings to its emergence of a metropolis. It discusses the change from a small agricultural village to a large city and discusses the changes that had to be made to accommodate the massive population growth. This source was utilized to obtain information about its founding as well as informaiton about the urban landscape and about city and regional planning.
Gebhard, D., & Winter, R. (2003). An architectural guidebook to Los Angeles (Rev. ed., pp.11-38).Salt Lake City: Gibbs
Smith.
This text offers an in – depth look at Los Angeles’ architectural scene. The author first gives a relatively brief historical background of Los Angeles architecture and lists various architecture movements that have taken place, such as the Arts and Crafts movement. The body of the book primarily discusses the features of specific notable architectural buildings in various cities and areas in Los Angeles. Although this book mostly focuses on specific buildings, it is quite helpful in identifying and describing the architecture styles found in Los Angeles, and it also gives solid information about LA’s historical preservation.
History of the Los Angeles River. (n.d.). Retrieved February 28, 2015, from
http://ladpw.org/wmd/watershed/LA/History.cfm
This source is from the website of the Department of Public Works and is a secondary source. It discusses the history of the Los Angeles river. It discusses how the river was a driving factor in establishing Los Angeles in that area and how it provided water support for the city. It also discusses the problems with the flooding and the damage that resulted and how the river was channelized by the Army Corps of Engineers to prevent further flood damage.
L.A. Riots: Rebuild L.A.'s Ambitious Attempts To Revive The City. (n.d.). Retrieved February 17, 2015, from
http://www.neontommy.com/news/2012/04/la-riots-rebuild-las-ambitious-attempts-revive-neighborhood
This website article is a secondary source that discusses the damage that the LA Riots caused to the structure of Los Angeles in 1992. It also discusses the “Rebuild LA” initiative that sought to rebuild businesses that were destroyed. The program provided jobs and started the rebuilding process.
LA Sewers. (n.d.). Retrieved February 26, 2015, from http://www.lasewers.org/treatment_plants/hyperion/
This is a legitimate city website that provides information on waste management and sanitation systems for Los Angeles. It gives an overview on the sewer system in L.A. and also provides the Sewer System Management Plan, which was developed in compliance with the statewide General Waste Discharge Requirements. There is also information on private sewer & septic systems and treatment plants. Since this site is affiliated with the official city website, it is a high quality source of information regarding Los Angeles’ waste management.
Laws That Shaped L.A.: Why Los Angeles Isn't a Beach Town. (n.d.). Retrieved February 24, 2015, from
http://www.kcet.org/socal/departures/columns/laws-that-shaped-la/the-laws-that-shaped-la-laws-of-the-indies.html
This is a secondary source that describes the Law of the Indies and its influence on the design and placement of Los Angeles. It talks about the Law’s origins and how it was the first urban planning manual to reach the Americas. This source reveals why the city was not established near the pacific coast, as the Law of the Indies prohibited cities to be established too close to the ocean. It also describes how the grid of the city is changed to straighten out the streets - which is apparent in the tilted streets of the current city.
Los Angeles (Calif.). Dept. of City Planning. Administrative Services Division. (1964). City Planning in Los Angeles: A
History. Dept. of City Planning, Administrative Services Division.
This source secondary source that discusses the history of planning in Los Angeles. This is provided by the Los Angeles Department of City Planning and discusses in great detail the beginning of planning and the planning thereafter up until the 1960’s. It discusses policies and plans to expand Los Angeles, as well as plans to accommodate population growth and evaluates the successes and failures of each plan or ordinance. It is a nearly perfect source in describing the history of planning in chronological order.
Mai, R., & Chen, B. (2013). The State of Chinatown Los Angeles. Retrieved February 20, 2015, from
http://www.aasc.ucla.edu/research/pdfs/statect.pdf
This secondary source about Los Angeles City Chinatown, which discusses history, location, demographics, and housing. It talks about the origin of Chinatown with its historical importance about the influx of Asian immigrants and the contribution they made in order to make Chinatown of what it is today.
My Way Or The Highway: Why Mega-Roads Rule The City. (n.d.). Retrieved February 28, 2015, from
http://www.kcet.org/socal/departures/columns/laws-that-shaped-la/my-way-or-the-highway-when-mega-roads-
took-over-the-city.html
This website is a secondary source that discusses the implication of the Collier-Burns Act to address highway congestion in Los Angeles in the mid-20th century. This act allowed Los Angeles to develop a Master Plan of Highways in 1948 and placed taxes and fees on gas and vehicle registration to fund road construction and maintenance in Los Angeles and throughout California.
Peyton, D. (n.d.). Metro Transportation Library and Archive: History of Transit in Los Angeles. Retrieved March 6, 2015,
from http://www.tiki-toki.com/timeline/entry/49819/Metro-Transportation-Library-and-Archive-History-of-Transit- in-Los- Angeles/#vars!date=1869-07-20_20:37:43!
This secondary source of the history timeline of Los Angeles Transit beginning from 1873 to the present shows the evolution and progress of transit system in the city.
Photos: L.A.'s First Railroads Connected the Region to the Global Economy. (n.d.). Retrieved February 26, 2015, from
http://www.kcet.org/updaily/socal_focus/history/la-as-subject/photos-las-first-railroads.html
This secondary source discusses the conception of Railroads in Los Angeles. This first railroad was the San Pedro Railroad, which connected Los Angeles to the San Pedro Bay. It also discusses when Los Angeles became the a terminal in the transcontinental railroad, thus connecting the city to other cities throughout the United States.
Reyes, E. (2014). L.A. County Population Pushes Past 10 million, Highest in Nation. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February
27, 2015, from http://articles.latimes.com/2014/mar/27/local/la-me-ln-la-county-population-10-million-20140327
The source provided an information about the current population in Los Angeles to show that the city is overcrowding, which is one of the main reason of pollution.
Sloane, D. (2012). Planning Los Angeles. Chicago: American Planning Association.
This book is a secondary source that discusses the planning of Los Angeles from it’s history to the present. It also discusses the demographics of Los Angeles, land-use and environmental policies, and the economic development of the city. The source discusses the various planning initiatives, policies, and ordinances that have shaped the city to what it has become today.
Sorensen, P., & Transportation, S. (2008). Moving Los Angeles Short-term Policy Options for Improving Transportation:
[summary]. Santa Monica, CA: RAND.U.S. Census 2010
This source discusses different modes of transportation in Los Angeles and its contribution to traffic congestion. The source is an academic book consists of advice, strategies, and plan to reduce traffic congestion in Los Angeles.
State of the Air: American Lung Association. (2013). Retrieved February 27, 2015, from
http://www.stateoftheair.org/2013/assets/ala-sota-2013.pdf
This primary source provides information about Los Angeles pollution. It is the highest and most polluted area in the United States for many years.
The Settlement of Los Angeles. (n.d.). Retrieved February 25, 2015, from http://www.laalmanac.com/history/hi03b.htm
This secondary source provides a history of the founding of Los Angeles and the beginnings of planning the city. It gives a history of why the city was established and the goals of the Spanish Governor of California, Felipe de Neve. It discusses the importance of the river, and the topography of the area of the pueblo.
The Street Railway History of Los Angeles. (n.d.). Retrieved February 26, 2015, from http://www.erha.org/railwayhis.htm
This secondary source discusses the history of the Street Railway in Los Angeles. It discusses the progression of establishing a railway and the policies that went along with it. The source talks about the different ordinances that established the railway and also talked about the various railway lines throughout the city.
Toy, M. (1994). Los Angeles. London: Acad. Ed. u.a.
This is a text that examines the social and planning history of Los Angeles and analyzes specific buildings and constructions throughout LA. The author groups these buildings into categories such as cultural centers, transport, mixed use development, private residences, etc. There are many entries in this book and they are all accompanied by colored high quality pictures.